COSMOGRAMS

Topograms

 

Depictions of portions of space occupied by sets of objects (topos = place in Greek)

Ecograms

 

Depictions of natural environment (eco = living place in Greek)

Descriptive

Topographic maps

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Topographic_map_example.png/310px-Topographic_map_example.png

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <topogram>
        <ecogram>
          <descriptive>
            <description>Map of Stowe</description>
          </descriptive>
        </ecogram>
      </topogram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Aerial/satellite photgraphs

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fortaleza%2C_centro_da_cidade_e_aeroporto.JPG/1280px-Fortaleza%2C_centro_da_cidade_e_aeroporto.JPG

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <topogram>
        <ecogram>
          <descriptive>
            <description>Aerial photograph of coastline</description>
          </descriptive>
        </ecogram>
      </topogram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Statistical

Maps with (for instance):

- Nominal data: zones identified

by texture or color, symbols or icons

- Ordinal data: zones identified

by gradation of tint or scale of greys

- Quantitative data: numbers, vectors,

contour lines, histograms on specific zones

- or they can be "silent maps" (like the map of France)

8. Nominal Level | The Nature of Geographic Information

omc000003-fig-00

Regions of France - Wikipedia

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <topogram>
        <ecogram>
          <statistical>
            <description>Map of France</description>
          </statistical>
        </ecogram>
      </topogram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Domograms

 

Representations of built environment (domos = house, construction in Greek)

Photography of man-made constructions;

Drawings in plan, elevation and profile

Residential building with detailed plan section elevation specifications with plin… in 2021 | Building design plan, Small house design floor plan, Residential building plan

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <topogram>
        <domogram>
          <description>Archtectural plan</description>
        </domogram>
      </topogram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Reigrams

 

Figurations of material objects, either natural or artificial (rei = thing, object in Latin)

Descriptive

Photography of isolated specimens

Pictography (anatomical, technical drawings)

Female Adult Rocket Frog Specimen Photograph by Natural History Museum, London/science Photo Library

1 shows the heart anatomy from the anterior and interior views. The... | Download Scientific Diagram

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="heartanatomy.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 1: Heart anatomy</caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <reigram>
        <reigramfamily>
          <descriptive>
            <description>drawing</description>
          </descriptive>
        </reigramfamily>
      </reigram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Functional

 

Cinematic or Functional

Chromatography of movement (multiple exposures)

Life cycles, infectious processes

Why You Need to Be Taping Movement, Not Muscles

At-Home STEM Activities: Life Cycle of a Frog — McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="frog.png"/>
  <caption>Life cycle of a frog</caption>
  <class>
    <cosmogram>
      <reigram>
        <reigramfamily>
          <functional>
            <description>life cycle</description>
          </functional>
        </reigramfamily>
      </reigram>
    </cosmogram>
  </class>
  </visual>

TYPOGRAMS

 

Language-based visuals; topological representations of aspects of discourse

Scriptograms

 

Encode structural, textual information

Equations

 

 

    
<visual>
  <image uri="xxxxxx.png"/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <scriptogram>
        <scriptogramfamily>
          <equation>
            <description>Equation for XXXXXXX</description>
          </equation>
        </scriptogramfamily>
      </scriptogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Phrases

 

 

    
<visual>
  <image uri="xxxxxx.png"/>
  <caption>The Treatment Target</caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <scriptogram>
        <scriptogramfamily>
          <phrase>
            <description> </description>
          </phrase>
        </scriptogramfamily>
      </scriptogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Lists

Including word clouds

Using Word Clouds in the Classroom - Milady

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="xxxxxxx.png"/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <scriptogram>
        <scriptogramfamily>
          <list>
            <description>Word cloud</description>
          </list>
        </scriptogramfamily>
      </scriptogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Cellulograms

 

Present textual data by category

 

Content may be nominal, ordinal, quantitative, symbolic, iconic

Quadrangular

Tables

1.7. Tables as a form of data visualization — Process Improvement using Data

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="table.png"/>
  <caption>Table I: Descriptive statistics.</caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <cellulogram>
        <cellulogramfamily>
          <format type="quadrangular"><description>table</description>
          </format>
        </cellulogramfamily>
      </cellulogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Triangular

Distance charts

Unit 1 Section 1 : Mileage Charts

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="Chart.png"/>
  <caption>
  </caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <cellulogram>
        <cellulogramfamily>
          <format type="triangular">
            <description>Distance chart</description>
          </format>
        </cellulogramfamily>
      </cellulogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Linear

Stem and leaf plots

Stem-and-leaf display - Wikipedia

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri="plot.png"/>
  <caption> </caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <cellulogram>
        <cellulogramfamily>
          <format type="linear">
            <description>Stem and leaf plot</description>
          </format>
        </cellulogramfamily>
      </cellulogram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Organigrams

 

Present components of a system and their relations

Arborescent

Network diagrams, flow charts, trees

Flow Diagrams · Axure Docs

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <organigram>
        <organigramfamily>
          <arborescent>
            <description>Network diagram</description>
          </arborescent>
        </organigramfamily>
      </organigram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Intersecting

Venn diagrams

These Venn diagrams represent comparisons made from 12 meaning pairwise... | Download Scientific Diagram

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <typogram>
      <organigram>
        <organigramfamily>
          <intersecting>
            <description>Venn diagram</description>
          </intersecting>
        </organigramfamily>
      </organigram>
    </typogram>
  </class>
</visual>

ANALOGRAMS

 

Abstract representations of quantitative and (more rarely) qualitative data

Punctigrams

 

Represent statisitical data as points on a plane

Linear (1-D)

One axis graph

One Axis Frequency Distribution Chart in Excel (Download &amp; Template) | Excel &amp; VBA – Databison

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <punctigram>
        <punctigramfamily>
          <univariate>
            <description>One axis frequency chart</description>
          </univariate>
        </punctigramfamily>
      </punctigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Planar (2-D)

Scatter plot

Scatter Plots | A Complete Guide to Scatter Plots

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <punctigram>
        <punctigramfamily>
          <bivariate>
            <description>Scatter plot</description>
          </bivariate>
        </punctigramfamily>
      </punctigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Sterical (3-D)

3D scatter plot

3D Scatter Plotting in Python using Matplotlib - GeeksforGeeks

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <punctigram>
        <punctigramfamily>
          <trivariate>
            <description>3D Scatter plot</description>
          </trivariate>
        </punctigramfamily>
      </punctigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Curvigrams

 

Represent statistical data as lines/curves

Axis system

Cartesian

Line graphs

How to Make a Curved Graph in Excel

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="cartesian" line="segmented">
          <description>Line graph</description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Polar

 

How to Read a Polar Graph? - PlotDigitizer

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="polar" line="curved">
          <description>Polar coordinates diagram</description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Floating

 

 

    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="floating" line="segmented">
          <description></description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Line config

Segmented

Line graphs

How to Make a Curved Graph in Excel

 
    
<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="cartesian" line="segmented">
          <description>Line graph</description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Curved

Line graphs with smoothing

When you use a smoothed line chart, your data is not affected, it&#39;s misrepresented!

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="cartesian" line="curved">
          <description>Line graph</description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Straight

Straight line graph

693F13D

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <curvigram>
        <curvigramfamily axis="cartesian" line="straight">
          <description>Line graph</description>
        </curvigramfamily>
      </curvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Puncticurvigrams

 

Hybrid graphs of the above (data represented by points and lines)

Point-line chart

what is a line graph, how does a line graph work, and what is the best way to use a line graph? — storytelling with data

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <puncticurvigram>
        <puncticurvigramfamily>
          <puncticurvigramqualifier>
            <description>Line graph with data points</description>
          </puncticurvigramqualifier>
        </puncticurvigramfamily>
      </puncticurvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Histograms

 

Represent quantities assigned to non-quantitative data

Absolute

 

Describe or compare

Band orientation

Horizontal

Gnuplot tricks: The turning of the histogram

 

<visual>
  <image uri="omc000003-fig-14.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 14. </caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <absolute>
          <band orientation="horizontal" arrangement="paired">
            <description>Bar chart</description>
          </band>
        </absolute>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Vertical

 


<visual>
  <image uri="omc000003-fig-13.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 13. Knowledge and beliefs concerning AIDS among AIDS orphans, Rusinga Island, Kenya</caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <absolute>
          <band orientation="vertical">
            <description>Bar chart</description>
          </band>
        </absolute>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Band arrangement

paired

Gnuplot tricks: The turning of the histogram

 

<visual>
  <image uri="omc000003-fig-14.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 14: Scores by group </caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <absolute>
          <band orientation="horizontal" arrangement="paired">
            <description>Bar chart</description>
          </band>
        </absolute>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

opposed

 

 

omc000003-fig-07

 

<visual>
  <image uri="omc000003-fig-7.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 7. Projected population structure with and without AIDS epidemic </caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <absolute>
          <band orientation="horizontal" arrangement="opposed">
            <description>Bar chart</description>
          </band>
        </absolute>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

stacked

omc000003-fig-20

 

<visual>
  <image uri="omc000003-fig-20.png"/>
  <caption>Figure 20. </caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <absolute>
          <band orientation="horizontal" arrangement="stacked">
            <description>Bar chart</description>
          </band>
        </absolute>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Proportional

 

Represent relations

Circular

Pie chart

Pie Chart | WCMS Template Feature Gallery | CDC

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <proportional>
          <circle>
            <description>pie chart</description>
          </circle>
        </proportional>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Propband

Mosaic plot

How to create a Marimekko/Mosaic plot in ggplot2 - Stack Overflow

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histogram>
        <proportional>
          <propband>
            <description>Mosaic plot</description>
          </propband>
        </proportional>
      </histogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Histocurvigrams

 

Hybrid histogram-curvigram graphs (data represented by bars and lines)

Combined histogram and line plots.

Histo-curvigram example; new addition to the taxonomy

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <histocurvigram>
        <histocurvigramfamily>
          <histocurvigramqualifier>
            <description>Line graph with data points</description>
          </histocurvigramqualifier>
        </histocurvigramfamily>
      </histocurvigram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Morphograms

 

Represent statistical information as figures of different types for purposes of comparison

Radial

 

Star, radar or spider graphs

Radar chart - Wikipedia

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <morphogram>
        <radial>
          <description>Radar chart</description>
        </radial>
      </morphogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Polygonal

 

 

Polygonal chart

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <morphogram>
        <polygonal>
          <description>Polygonal chart</description>
        </polygonal>
      </morphogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>

Chernoff

 

Cartoon faces representing different traits or facets

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chernoff_faces_for_evaluations_of_US_judges.svg/1280px-Chernoff_faces_for_evaluations_of_US_judges.svg.png

 

<visual>
  <image uri=""/>
  <caption></caption>
  <class>
    <analogram>
      <morphogram>
        <chernoff>
          <description>Chernoff faces</description>
        </chernoff>
      </morphogram>
    </analogram>
  </class>
</visual>